Tree Swallow Research Bibliography

Last Updated 02/27/2022.  Recent Tree Swallow Research additions noted by authors in red.  Previously updated 02/06/2019.

Attention: There will be no further updates to this list, since journal articles regarding Tree Swallows and related subjects are now easily located online. A database search using keyword tachycineta should get results.

Most of the following scientific journal articles feature Tree Swallows as the primary research species. Some utilize Tree Swallows as a comparison species or as one of a group of species being investigated. We’ve included a few more general articles of pertinence to issues in Tree Swallow research.  Plus, we’ve also added some older, more anecdotal studies by authors who helped pioneer the use of multi-box Tree Swallow project grids and foresaw their value in ornithological research.

Aborn, D. A. 2020. Double brooding of Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) in southeast Tennessee. Wil. J. of Orn. 132:1023-1028.

Ackerman, J. T., C. A. Hartman, and M. P. Herzog.  2017.  Maternal transfer of mercury to songbird eggs. Environ. Pollut. 230:463-468.

Akcay, C., A. Z. Lendvai, M. Stanback, M. Haussmann, I. T. Moore, and F. Bonier.  2016. Strategic adjustment of parental care in tree swallows: life-history trade-offs and the role of glucocortcoids. R. Soc. open sci. 3:160/740.

Alberts, J. M., S. M. P. Sullivan, and A. Kautza.  2013.  Riparian swallows as integrators of landscape change in a multiuse river system.  Implications for aquatic-to-terrestrial transfers of contaminants. Science of the Total Env’t. 463-464:42-50.

Allen, P. E.  1996.  Breeding biology and natural history of the bahama swallow. Wilson Bull. 108:480-495.

Ambardar, M., P. O. Dunn, and L. A. Whittingham.  2018.  Reproductive and foraging success of the Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) in relation to vegetation height. Wil. J. of Ornithology 130:362-370.

Anmarkrud, J. A., O. Kleven, J. Augustin, K. H. Bentz, D. Blomqvist, K. J. Fernie, M. J. L. Magrath, H. Parn, J. S. Quinn,  R. J. Robertson, T. Szep, S. Tarof, R. H. Wagner, and J. T. Lifjeld.  2011.  Factors affecting germline mutations in a hypervariable microsatellite: A comparative analysis of six species of swallows (Aves: Hirundinidae). Mutation Research 708:37-43.

Ardia, D. R.  2005a.  Individual quality mediates trade-offs between reproductive effort and immune function in tree swallows. J. Anim. Ecol. 74:517-524.

Ardia, D. R.  2005b.  Tree swallows trade off immune function and reproductive effort differently across their range. Ecology 86:2040-2046.

Ardia, D. R.  2006.  Geographic variation in the trade-off between nestling growth rate and body condition in the tree swallow. Condor 108:601-611.

Ardia, D. R.  2007.  The ability to mount multiple immune responses simultaneously varies across the range of the tree swallow. Ecography 30:23-30.

Ardia, D. R.  2007.  Site- and sex-level differences in adult feeding behavior and its consequences to offspring quality in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) following brood-size manipulation. Can. J. Zool. 85:847-854.

Ardia, D. R.  2013.  The effects of nestbox thermal environment on fledging success and haematocrit in tree swallows. Avian Biology Research 6:1-6.

Ardia, D. R. and E. D. Clotfelter.  2007.  Individual quality and age affect responses to an energetic constraint in a cavity-nesting bird. Behav Ecol 18:259-266.

Ardia, D. R., C. B. Cooper and A. A. Dhondt.  2006.  Warm temperatures lead to early onset of incubation, shorter incubation periods and greater hatching asynchrony in tree swallows Tachycineta bicolor at the extremes of their range. J. Avian Biol. 37:137-142.

Ardia, D. R., J. H. Perez, E. K. Chad, M. A. Voss, and E. D. Clotfelter.  2009.  Temperature and life history: experimental heating leads female tree swallows to modulate egg temperature and incubation behavior. J. Anim. Ecol. 78:4-13.

Ardia, D. R., J. H. Perez and E. D. Clotfelter.  2006.  Nest box orientation affects internal temperature and nest site selection by tree swallows. J. Field Ornithol. 77:339-344.

Ardia, D. R., J. H. Perez, and E. D. Clotfelter.  2010.  Experimental cooling during incubation leads to reduced innate immunity and body condition in nestling tree swallows. Proc. R. Soc. B. 277:1881-1888.

Ardia, D. R., and E. B. Rice.  2006.  Variation in heritability of immune function in the tree swallow. Evol. Ecol. 20:491-500.

Ardia, D. R., K. A. Schat and D. W. Winkler.  2003.  Reproductive effort reduces long-term immune function in breeding tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 270:1679-1683.

Ardia, D. R., M. F. Wasson and D. W. Winkler.  2006.  Individual quality and food availability determine yolk and egg mass and egg composition in tree swallows Tachycineta bicolor. J. Avian Biol. 37:252-259.

Aston, J. C., and D. P. Armstrong.  2002.  Facultative prioritization of wing growth in the welcome swallow Hirundo neoxena. Ibis 144:470-477.

Austin, O. L., and S. H. Low.  1932.  Notes on the breeding of the tree swallow. Bird-Banding 3:39-44.

Baeta, R., M. Belisle, and D. Garant.  2011.  Importance of breeding season and maternal investment in studies of sex-ratio adjustment: A case study using tree swallows. Biol. Lett. 8:401-404.

Baeta, R., M. Belisle, and D. Garant.  2012.  Agricultural intensification exacerbates female-biased primary brood sex-ratio in tree swallows. Landscape Ecol. 27:1395-1405.

Bailey, R. L., and D. N. Bonter.  2017.  Predator guards on nest boxes improve nesting success of birds. Wildlife Society Bulletin 41:434-441.

Barber, C. A., M. J. Edwards and R. J. Robertson.  2005.  A test of the genetic compatibility hypothesis with tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor. Can. J. Zool. 83:955-961.

Barber, C. A., and R. J. Robertson.  1998.  Homing ability of breeding male tree swallows. J. Field Ornithol. 69:444-449.

Barber, C. A., and R. J. Robertson.  1999.  Floater males engage in extrapair copulations with resident female tree swallows. Auk 116:264-269.

Barber, C. A., and R. J. Robertson.  2007.  Timing of copulations and the pattern of paternity in relation to laying order in tree swallows Tachycineta bicolor. J. Avian Biol. 38:249-254.

Barber, C. A., R. J. Robertson and P. T. Boag.  1996.  The high frequency of extra-pair paternity in tree swallows is not an artifact of nestboxes. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 38:425-430.

Barber, C. A., R. J. Robertson and P. T. Boag.  1998.  Experimental mate replacement does not increase extra-pair paternity in tree swallows. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 265:2187-2190.

Barrionuevo, M., F. Bulit, and V. Massoni.  2014.  Yolk mass variation in white-rumped swallows (Tachycineta leucorrhoa). Wil. J. of Orn. 126:86-93.

Beasley, B. A.  1996.  Males on guard: paternity defences in violet-green swallows and tree swallows. Anim. Behav. 54:1211-1224.

Beck, M. L., W. A. Hopkins, and B. P. Jackson.  2013.  Spatial and temporal variation in the diet of tree swallows: Implications for trace-element exposure after habitat remediation. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 65:575-587.

Beck, M. L., W. A. Hopkins, and D. M. Hawley.  2015.  Relationships among plumage coloration, blood selenium concentrations and immune responses of adult and nestling tree swallows. J. Exp. Biol. 218:3415-3424.

Beck, M. L., W. A. Hopkins, and B. P. Jackson.  2014.  Variation in riparian consumer diet composition and differential bioaccumulation by prey influence the risk of exposure to elements from a recently remediated fly ash spill. Envt. Tox and Chem. 33:2595-2608.

Beissinger, S. R.  1996.  On the limited breeding opportunities hypothesis for avian clutch size. Am. Nat. 147:655-658.

Bellavance, V., M. Belisle, F. Pelletier, and D. Garant.  2018.  Influence of agricultural intensification on prey availability and nestling diet in Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). Can. J. Zool. 96:1053-1065.

Belmaker, A.  2016.  The role of telomere length in tree swallow behavior and life history. Thesis for Ph.D., Cornell University.

Belmaker, A., K. K. Hallinger, R. A. Glynn, M. F. Haussmann, and D. W. Winkler.  2018.  Is there a context-dependent advantage of extra-pair mating in Tree Swallows?  Auk 135:998-1008.

Belmaker, A., K. K. Hallinger, R. A. Glynn, D. W. Winkler and M. F. Haussmann. 2019. The environmental ans genetic determinants of chick telomere length in Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). Ecol. and Evol. 9:8175-8186.

Bennett, G. F., and T. L. Whitworth.  1992.  Host, nest, and ecological relationships of species of Protocalliphora (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Can. J. Zool. 70:51-61.

Bentz, A. B., E. K. Dossey, and K. A. Rosvall.  2019.  Tissue-specific gene regulation corresponds with seasonal plasticity in female testosterone. Gen. and Comparative Endocrinology 270:26-34.

Bentz, A. B., K. J. Navara, and L. Siefferman.  2013.  Phenotypic plasticity in response to breeding density in Tree Swallows: An adaptive maternal effect? Hormones and Behavior 64:729-736.

Bentz, A. B., and L. Siefferman.  2013.  Age-dependent relationships between coloration and reproduction in a species exhibiting delayed plumage maturation in females. J. Avian Biol. 44:80-88.

Bentz, A. B., G. W. C. Thomas, D. B. Rusch and K. A. Rosvall. 2019. Tissue-specific expression profiles and positive selection analysis in the Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) using a de novo transcriptome assembly. Scientific Reports 9:1-12.

Bernhardt, G. E., Z. J. Patton, L. A. Kutschbach-Brohl, and R. A. Dolbeer.  2009.  Management of bayberry in relation to tree swallow strikes at John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York. Human-Wildlife Conflicts 3:237-241.

Berzins, L. and R. D. Dawson.  2016.  Experimentally altered plumage brightness of female tree swallows: a test of the differential allocation hypothesis. Beh. 153:525-550.

Berzins, L. L. and R. D. Dawson.  2018.  Experimentally altered plumage brightness of female Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) influences nest site retention and reproductive success. Can. J. Zool. 96:600-607.

Berzins, L. L. and R. D. Dawson. 2019. Does experimentally altered plumage ornamentation of female passerines influence nesting quality? A test in female Tree Swallows. Ethology 125: 298-305.

Berzins, L. L. and R. D. Dawson. 2020. Does experimentally altered plumage brightness influence extra-pair mating success in female Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor)? Can. J. of Zool. 98:55-61.

Berzins, L. L., R. D. Dawson, C. A. Morrissey and R. G. Clark. 2020. The relative contribution of individual quality and changing climate as drivers of lifetime reproductive success in a short-lived avian species. Scientific reports (2020) 10:19766,

Berzins, L. L., J., M. Shrimpton, and R. D. Dawson.  2018.  Experimentally altering pre-breeding sex steroids reduces extra-pair paternity in female tree swallows. Ethology 124:410-441.

Betini, G. S., and D. R. Norris.  2011.  The relationship between personality and plasticity in tree swallow aggression and the consequences for reproductive success. Anim. Behav. 83:137-143.

Betini, G. S., K. A. Hobson, L. I. Wassenaar, and D. R. Norris.  2009.  Stable hydrogen isotope values in songbird nestlings: effects of diet, temperature, and body size. Can. J. Zool. 87:767-772.

Bidwell, M. T., and R. D. Dawson.  2005.  Calcium availabitiy limits reproductive output of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) in a nonacidified landscape. Auk 122:246-254.

Bigorgne, E., T. W. Custer, P. M. Dummer, R. A. Erickson, N. Karouna-Renier, S. Schultz, C. M. Custer, W. E. Thogmartin, and C. W. Matson.  2015.  Chromosomal damage and EROD induction in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) along the Upper Mississippi River, Minnesota, USA. Ecotox. 24:1028-1039.

Bishop, C. A., P. Ng, P. Mineau, J. S. Quinn and J Struger.  2000.  Effects of pesticide spraying on chick growth, behavior, and parental care in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting in an apple orchard in Ontario, Canada. Environ. Tox. and Chem. 9:2286-2297.

Bitton, P.-P., and R. D. Dawson.  2017.  Age-related prenatal maternal effects and postnatal breeding experience have different influences on nestling development in an altricial passerine. J. of Avian Biol. 48:660-668.

Bitton, P-P., R. D. Dawson, and E. L. O’Brien.  2006.  Influence of intraclutch egg-mass variation and hatching asynchrony on relative offspring performance within broods of an altricial bird. Can. J. Zool 84:1721-1726.

Bitton, P-P., E. L. O’Brien, and R. D. Dawson.  2007.  Plumage brightness and age predict extrapair fertilization success of male tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor. Anim Behav 74:1777-1784.

Bitton, P-P., R. D. Dawson, and C. L. Ochs.  2008.  Plumage characteristics, reproductive investment and assortative mating in tree swallows Tachycineta bicolor. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 62:1543-1550.

Bitton, P-P., and R. D. Dawson.  2008.  Age-related differences in plumage characteristics of male tree swallows Tachycineta bicolor: hue and brightness signal different aspects of individual quality. J. Avian Biol. 39:446-452.

Blancher, P. J., and D. K. McNicol.  1988.  Breeding biology of tree swallows in relation to wetland acidity. Can. J. Zool. 66:842-849.

Blancher, P. J., and D. K. McNicol.  1991.  Tree swallow diet in relation to wetland acidity. Can. J. Zool. 69:2629-2637.

Blem, C. R., and L. B. Blem.  1992.  Some observations of sunbathing in swallows. J. Field Ornithol. 63:53-56.

Blem, C. R., and L. B. Blem.  1993.  Do swallows sunbathe to control ectoparasites? An experimental test. Condor 95:728-730.

Blem, C. R., and L. B. Blem.  2000.  Effects of some meteorological variables on basking behavior in violet-green swallows. J. Field Ornithol 71:339-344.

Blyth, M., C. W. E. Paine and C. E. T. Paine. 2019. The decline in nesting success of Tachycineta bicolor (Tree Swallow) over 38 years on Hardwood Island, Maine. Northeast Naturalist 26:236-250.

Bonier, F.  2016.  A meta-analysis of relationships between polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and performance across studies of free-ranging tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). R Soc Open Sci. 3:150634.

Bonier, F., I. T. Moore, P. R. Martin, and R. J. Robertson.  2009a.  The relationship between fitness and baseline glucocorticoids in a passerine bird. General and Comparative Endocrinology 163:208-213.

Bonier, F., I. T. Moore, and R. J. Robertson.  2011.  The stress of parenthood?  Increased glucocorticoids in birds with    experimentally enlarged broods. Biol. Lett. 7:944-946.

Bortolotti, L. E., V. B. Harriman, R. G. Clark, and R. D. Dawson.  2011.  Can changes in provisioning by parent birds acount for seasonally declining patterns of offspring recruitment? Can. J. Zool. 89:921-928.

Botero, C. A., and D. R. Rubenstein.  2012.  Fluctuating environments, sexual selection and the evolution of flexible mate choice in birds. PLoS ONE 7:1-7.

Bouland, A. J., A. E. White, K. P. Lonabaugh, C. W. Varian-Ramos, and D. A. Cristol.  2012.  Female-biased offspring sex ratios at a mercury-contaminated river. J. Avian Biol. 43:244-251.

Bourret, A., M. Belisle, F. Pelletier, and D. Garant.  2017.  Evolutionary potential of morphological traits across different life-history stages. J. Evol. Biol. 30:616-626.

Bourret, A., M. Belisle, F. Pelletier, and D. Garant.  2015.  Multidimensional environmental influences on timing of breeding in a tree swallow population facing climate change. Evolutionary Applications 8:933-944.

Bourret, A., and D. Garant.  2015.  Candidate gene-environment interactions and their relationships with timing of breeding in a wild bird population. Ecology and Evolution 5:3628-3641.

Bourret, A., and D. Garant.  2017.  An assessment of the reliability of quantitative genetics estimates in study systems with high rate of extra-pair reproduction and low recruitment. Heredity 118:229-238.

Bowlin, M. S., and D. W. Winkler.  2004.  Natural variation in flight performance is related to timing of breeding in tree swallows Tachycineta bicolor) in New York. Auk 121:345-353.

Boyle, W. A., D. W. Winkler, and C. G. Guglielmo.  2012.  Rapid loss of fat but not lean mass prior to chick provisioning supports the flight efficiency hypothesis in tree swallows. Functional Ecology 26:895-903.

Boyle, W. A., D. W. Winkler, and C. G. Guglielmo.  2013.  When and how do Tree Swallow chicks die during cold weather? Society for Integrative and Comparative Biol. 2013 Annual Meeting.

Bradley, D. W., R. G> Clark, P. O. Dunn, A. J. Laughlin, C. M. Taylor, C. Vleck, L. A. Whittingham, D. W. Winkler, and  D. R. Norris.  2014.  Trans-Gulf of Mexico loop migration of tree swallows revealed by solar geolocation. Current Zool 60:653-659.

Brasso, R. L., M. K. Abdel Latif, and D. A. Cristol.  2010.  Relationship between laying sequence and mercury concentration in tree swallow eggs. Environ Tox and Chem 29:1155-1159.

Brasso, R. L., and D. A. Cristol.  2008.  Effects of mercury exposure on the reproductive success of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). Ecotoxicology 17:133-141.

Brawn, J. D.  1990.  Interspecific competition and social behavior in violet-green swallows. Auk 107:606-607.

Brawn, J. D., and  R. P. Balda.  1988.  Population biology of cavity nesters in northern Arizona: do nest sites limit breeding densities? Condor 90:61-71.

Brodkorb, P.  1957.  New passerine birds from the pleistocene of Reddick, Florida. J. Paleontology 31:129-138.

Brzek, P., and M. Konarzewski.  2004.  Effect of refeeding on growth, development, and behavior of undernourished bank swallow (Riparia riparia) nestlings. Auk 121:1187-1198.

Bulit, F., M. Barrionuevo, V. Massoni.  2014.  Insights into life history: a brood size manipulation on a southern hemisphere species, Tachycineta leucorrhoa, reveals a fast pace of life. J. Avian Biol. 45:225-234.

Bulit, F., and V. Massoni.  2011.  Aparrent survival and return rate of breeders in the southern temperate white-rumped swallow Tachycineta leucorrhea. Ibis 153:190-194.

Bulit, F., A. G. Palmerio, and V. Massoni.  2008.  Differences in rates of nest-visitation and removal of faecal sacs by male and female White-rumped Swallows. Emu 108:181-185.

Bumelis, K. H., M. D. Cadman, and K. A. Hobson. 2022. Endogenous biomarkers reveal diet partitioning among three sympatric species of swallows. Ornithology 139:1-13.

Burke, L. 2014. Migration and carry-over effects in Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). M.S. Thesis.

Burness, G. P., G. B. McClelland, S. L. Wardrop, and P. W. Hochachka.  2000.  Effect of brood size manipulation on offspring physiology: an experiment with passerine birds. J. Experimental Biol. 203:3513-3520.

Burness, G. P., R. C. Ydenberg, and P. W. Hochachka.  1998.  Interindividual variability in body composition and resting oxygen consumption rate in breeding tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor. Physiological Zool. 71:247-256.

Burness, G. P., R. C. Ydenberg, and P. W. Hochachka.  2001.  Physiologocal and biochemical correlates of brood size and energy expenditure in tree swallows. J. Exper. Biol. 204:1491-1501.

Burney, C. W.  2002.  A study of swallow roosts found in the eastern United States. MSc thesis. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.Burke, L. J.  2014.  Migration and carry-over effects in Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). MSc thesis. Dalhousie University.

Burtka, J. L., and J. L. Grindstaff.  2015.  Similar nest defence strategies within pairs increase reproductive success in the eastern bluebird, Sialia sialis. Anim. Beh. 100:174-182.

Burtt, E. H. Jr.  1977.  Some factors in the timing of parent-chick recognition in swallows. Anim. Behav. 25:231-239.

Burtt, E. H. Jr., and R. M. Tuttle.  1983.  Effect of banding on reproductive success of tree swallows. J. Field Ornithol. 54:319-323.

Burtt, E. H. Jr., E. J. Bitterbaum, and J. P. Hailman.  1988.  Head-scratching method in swallows depends on behavioral context.  Wilson Bull. 100:679-682.

Butler, R. W.  1988.  Population dynamics and migration routes of tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor, in North America. J. Field Ornithol. 59:395-402.

Caro, S. M., S. A. West, and A. S. Griffin.  2016.  Sibling conflict and dishonest signaling in birds. PNAS 113:13803-13808.

Carro, T., M. K. Walker, K. M. Dean, and M. A. Ottinger.  2018.  Effects of in Ovo Exposure to 3,3′,4,4′ -tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77) on heart development in Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor). Env’t. Tox. and Chem. 37:116-125.

Cerasale, D. J., R. Dor, D. W. Winkler, and I. J. Lovette.  2012.  Phylogeny of the Tachycineta genus of New World swallows: Insights from complete mitochondrial genomes. Mol. Phylogenetics and Evol. 63:64-71.

Chaplin, S. B., M. L. Cervenka, and A. C. Mickelson.  2002.  Thermal environment of the nest during development of tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) chicks. Auk 119:845-851.

Chapman, L. B.  1935.  Studies of a tree swallow colony. Bird-Banding 6:45-57.

Chapman, L. B.  1939.  Studies of a tree swallow colony. Bird-Banding 10:61-72.

Chapman, L. B.  1955.  Studies of a tree swallow colony. Bird-Banding 26:45-70.

Chek, A. A., and R. J. Robertson.  1991.  Infanticide in female tree swallows: a role for sexual selection.  Condor 93:454-457.

Chek, A. A., and R. J. Robertson.  1994.  Weak mate guarding in tree swallows. Ethology 98:1-13.

Chiavacci, S. J., M. P. Ward, and T. J. Benson.  2015.  Why fledge early in the day?  Examining the role of predation risk in explaining fledging behavior. Beh. Ecol. 26:593-600.

Clark, L.  1991.  Odor detection thresholds in tree swallows and cedar waxwings. Auk 108:177-180.

Clark, R. G., D. W. Winkler, R. D. Dawson, D. Shutler, D. J. T. Hussell, M. P. Lombardo, P. A. Thorpe, P. O. Dunn, and L. A. Whittingham.  2018.  Geographic variation and environmental correlates of apparent survival rates in adult tree swallows Tachycineta bicolor.  J. Avian Biol. 49:1-13.

Clotfelter, E. D., L. A. Whittingham, and P. O. Dunn.  2000.  Laying order, hatching asynchrony and nestling body mass in tree swallows Tachycineta bicolor. J. Avian Biol. 31:329-334.

Coady, C. D.  2011.  The signaling function of plumage characteristics in female tree swallows and implications for repproductive success and life-history decisions. Thesis for M.S., University of Northern British Columbia.

Coady, C. D., and R. D. Dawson.  2013.  Subadult plumage color of female tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) reduces  conspecific aggression during the breeding season. Wilson J. of Ornithology 125:348-360.

Coe, B. H., M. L. Beck, S. Y. Chin, C. M. B. Jachowski, and W. A. Hopkins.  2015.  Local variation in weather conditions influences incubation behavior and temperature in a passerine bird. J. Avian Biol. 46:385-394.

Cohen, R. R.  1984a.  Criteria for distinguishing breeding male tree swallows from brightly colored females prior to capture. N. A. Bird Bander 9:2-3.

Cohen, R. R.  1985a.  Capturing breeding male tree swallows with feathers. N. Am. Bird Bander 10:18-21.

Cohen, R. R.  1986.  Swallows taking insects from pond surfaces. Wilson Bull. 98:483-484.

Cohen, R. R., C. S. Houston, and M. I. Houston.  1989.  What constitutes a natal site for tree swallows? J. Field Ornithol. 60:397-398.

Conrad, K. F., P. V. Johnston, C. Crossman, B. Kempenaers, R. J. Robertson, N. T. Wheelwright, and P. T. Boag.  2001.  High levels of extra-pair paternity in an isolated, low-density, island population of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). Molecular Ecology 10:1301-1308.

Cooper, C. B., M .A. Voss, and B. Zivkovic.  2009.  Extended laying interval of ultimate eggs of the eastern bluebird. Condor 111:752-755.

Courtois, E., S. Garant, F. Pelletier, and M. Belisle. 2021. Nonideal nest box selection by Tree Swallows breeding in farmlands: Evidence for an ecological trap? Ecol. and Evol. 11:16296-16313.

Cox, A. R., R. J. Robertson, A. Z. Lendvai, K. Everitt and F. Bonier. 2019. Rainy springs linked to poor nestling growth in a declining avian aerial insectivore. Proc. R. Soc. B 286:20190018.

Cox, A. R., R. J. Robertson, B. C. Pedy, W. B. Rendell, and F. Bonier.  2020. Demographic drivers of local population decline in Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) in Ontario, Canada. Condor 120:842-851.

Cox, A. R., R. J. Robertson, W. B. Rendell, and F. Bonier. 2020. Population decline in Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) linked to climate change and inclement weather on the breeding ground. Oecologia 192:713-722.

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Cruz-Martinez, L., K. J. Fernie, C. Soos, T. Harner, F. Getachew, and J. E. G. Smits.  2015.  Detoxification, endocrine, and immune responses of tree swallow nestlings naturally exposed to air contaminants from the Alberta oil sands. Sci of the Total Environment 502:8-15.

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Whittingham, L. A., B. Slikas, D. W. Winkler, and F. H. Sheldon.  2002.  Phylogeny of the tree swallow genus, Tachycineta (Aves: Hrundinidae), by bayesian analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences. Mol. Phylogen. and Ecol. 22:430-441.

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